The tool industry is mainly tools, measuring tools and functional components (including accessories). Although there are some special support for 04, it is weaker than machine tools. High-end products mainly rely on imports because their quality affects the precision and finish of final finishing.
As the basic components and functional components of the machine tool industry, it is controlled in Germany, Japan, Switzerland, the United States and other developed countries. It not only involves safety, but also makes a lot of profits outflow. Do we not need to think deeply?
Affected by the thought of "the hero of GDP" and also the inheritance of the factors of the planned economy era, China's mainstream machine tool enterprises have entered a "big and complete" business model.
The leaders and decision-makers of enterprises play a decisive role in the rise and fall of a machine tool enterprise. In a country with a tradition of "management" in China, enterprises are also the top leaders, and defeat is also the number one leader. I wonder if it is right?
Case 1: An attempt to find another way
The original Yingkou Machine Tool Plant, Anyang Machine Tool Plant and Weihai Machine Tool Plant have been insolvent and are on the verge of bankruptcy. Some have been reformed and privatized by enterprise leaders and capable employees. They have been rescued by means of “Phoenix Nirvana? enterprise. On the basis of this, Yingkou Guanhua, Anyang Xinsheng, Huadong CNC and other enterprises were revived. How to consolidate the results? Some have already encountered reefs.
Case 2: Effective exploration of the forging machine industry
The forging machine industry seems to be better than the gold cutting machine industry and sees a little hope. According to relevant material data, sales in the top ten Jiji, Yangli, Yawei, Tianjin Forging, Yang Forging, Jinfangyuan, Taian Hualu, Hubei Sanhuan, Hexing, Xuzhou Forging, there are 9 enterprises The output value is positive growth, and both have profits, and a few companies' profits are negative.
Due to its high technical content and strong competitiveness, Jiji has achieved a significant increase in profits and taxes. It should be said that it stands out in the machine tool industry. The reason is that the author believes that since the establishment of the factory, the Jiji Plant has been dominated by presses and gantry planers. In the past few decades, in addition to changing the Longmen planer to gantry milling after the reform and opening up, it has always adhered to its own development direction. The press introduced Wilson's press technology from the early stage of reform and opening up, and carried out digestion and absorption innovation. At that time, FAW and other automobile user factories technically required the use of different guide pillars and guide bush structures from Wilson. Jiji finally developed R&D and modified designs according to user requirements. The presses provided were welcomed by users such as FAW, and opened the automotive industry. market.
At the same time, Ji Er has cooperated with other well-known foreign companies for decades. He has accumulated invaluable experience in the design and manufacture of presses for decades, and passed on from generation to generation through management personnel, technicians and skilled workers. Technology can be passed down and developed. They have undergone various tests and have not lost their way in the wave of “bigger” and “diversified”. Although the leaders of the enterprises have been under tremendous pressure, they still adhere to the concept of scientific development.
In the wave of joint ventures, Jiji did not merge with domestic and foreign companies, and relied on its own strength to develop into a world-class press company, competing with Schueler and Weingarten in Germany. Ji Er won the tender for the Ford auto body press production line in the United States, and its beats have become the world's advanced level. This kind of machine tool enterprises that can “lead technology and lead the market” is too few.
I saw the hope of the machine tool industry from Ji Er. Of course, the National 04 special project is also indispensable for its support. The development of any thing is the internal cause and the external cause is only a condition. Because the forging industry has such an example of leading the way, it has played an irreplaceable role in leading the development of the industry. This does not mean that there is no shortage of forging industry, such as large-tonnage screw presses, high-speed fine-punching machine tools, multi-station spinning equipment, etc., which should be imported, which should be normal. However, users can not forgive the many forging equipment factories including the top ten. The quality, performance and fine management of the production process are still far from the advanced enterprises such as Komatsu and Amada in Japan.
The author visited an electrical appliance factory last year. The factory used a medium and small forging press of a factory to stamp small parts of precision electrical equipment. The precision requirement is very high (of course, rely on the mold). After buying it, the vertical rail plate is not strong. As a result, the heat is generated and deformed. The manufacturer sent people to repair it many times and did not fix it. In the end, the user had to buy A鄄mada five or six presses at a high price. Who is this strange? The strength of this factory, after the reform and opening up, has made great achievements from scale to variety, especially to the author's impressive impression that the body is a steel plate welded component, its corner scraps reach thousands of tons, all used to cast ductile iron crankshaft, not only Good quality, but also become a typical example of energy saving materials. But the wise man cares and sometimes has a loss, indicating that the press industry still has room for development.
Current status of tools: high-end tools are basically imported
The tool industry is mainly tools, gauges and functional components (including accessories). Although there are some special support for 04, it is weaker than the machine tool.
The importance of tools in machining is not recognized by the top. The machine tool is called a machine tool (MachineTool) in foreign countries. Without a tool, the machine tool is useless at all. Whether a machine tool can achieve efficiency and processing performance, the tool accounts for a considerable proportion.
Although the tool is not as expensive as a machine tool, it is a consumable. The author saw that the workshop has 40 or 50 CNC machine tools in the CNC workshop of Xi'an High-voltage Switch Factory, and the annual cost of cutting tools is 8 million yuan. The high-end tools used by users, especially the tools matched with CNC, are basically imported from abroad, such as Shangao, Sumitomo, Wilt and other famous tool companies, which basically monopolize the high-end market in China. It is a big country that produces tungsten powder and exports. Great country.
We are a major abrasive producer, such as corundum, silicon carbide, etc. These are energy and pollution intensive industries, so there are still opportunities to survive in the market. In 2013, sales of superhard materials increased by 12.3% compared with 2012, and some exports However, some high-end products also rely on imports because their quality affects the precision and finish of the final finishing.
The status quo of measuring instruments: automatic measuring instruments are basically monopolized by foreign companies
The measuring instrument is a weak link. The high-end instruments in the measuring room, such as roundness meter, surface finish meter, coordinate measuring machine, gear comprehensive checker and dual-frequency laser interferometer, are all computerized and digitized. Some of its measuring sensors have reached the nanometer level, and can be processed by data. The analyzed objects can be analyzed to find the weak links in the processing. As for the long gratings and circular gratings, they are basically monopolized by the German company Dr.Heidenheim. .
In particular, the automatic measuring instrument is a blank, basically monopolized by Marposs (Italian), CarlMahr (De) and Reinishow (English) in developed countries. In the mid-1960s, the company introduced a complete set of pneumatic measuring instruments and built a new Zhongyuan measuring instrument factory, but did not keep pace with the times and continued to innovate. There is no "eye", no measurement how to judge whether the workpiece is qualified, real-time online measurement and data processing, and there is no problem in the processing process. How to improve the production process?
Status of functional components: quality and quantity cannot compete with foreign manufacturers
Liang Xun, a former director of machine tool tools, and several old experts in the machine tool industry proposed the concept of functional components shortly after the reform and opening up. The functional components include machine tool accessories. This concept has been widely recognized by industry and government leaders.
Although we have some professional manufacturing companies, such as the rolling screw pair produced by Nanjing Craft Equipment Factory with a long history, we can't match the famous foreign manufacturers in terms of quality and quantity, not to mention the professional factories. There are some famous machine tool groups, such as Dalian Machine Tool, Shenji, Hanjiang, which are all research and development of water testing functional components, but it is still not a climate. According to an industry expert, the total production of rolling parts in our country is not as good as that of a Taiwanese company.
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