What are the characteristics of the mechanical structure of CNC machine tools?

September 22, 2023

CNC machine tools generally consist of input and output devices, numerical control devices, programmable controllers, servo systems, detection feedback devices, and machine tools.

1. Input/output device The input device can transmit different processing information to the computer. In the early days of the production of CNC machine tools, the input device was punched paper tape, which has now become obsolete. Currently, the use of keyboards, disks, etc., greatly facilitates information input. Output refers to the output internal operating parameters (including the original parameters of the machine under normal, ideal working conditions, fault diagnosis parameters, etc.). Generally, these parameters need to be output for record keeping in the machine just working state. After a period of time, the output and the original Data for comparison, comparison, can help determine whether the machine tool work is maintained.

2. The numerical control device The numerical control device is the core and leading of the numerical control machine tool, completes the processing and calculation of all processing data, and finally realizes the command work of each function of the numerical control machine tool. It contains the circuitry of the microcomputer, various interface circuits, CRT monitors and other hardware and corresponding software.

3, programmable controller that PLC, which controls the spindle unit, the speed command in the program to handle the spindle speed control; management tool magazine, automatic tool exchange, tool selection method, cumulative tool usage, tool remaining life And the management of the number of cutter sharpening; control the spindle forward/reverse rotation and stop, exact stop, cutting fluid switch, chuck clamping and release, robot take off and send the knife and other actions; also the external switch of the machine tool (travel switch, pressure switch, temperature Control switches, etc.) Control; output signals (tool magazines, robots, rotary tables, etc.) are controlled.

4. The detection feedback device consists of a detection element and a corresponding circuit, mainly detecting the speed and displacement, and feeding the information back to the numerical control device to achieve closed-loop control to ensure the precision of CNC machining.

5, the main body of the machine tool host CNC machine tools, including the bed, spindle, feed transmission mechanism and other mechanical components.

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